標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)出(chu)爐促進應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，推廣落地(di)痛點猶(you)存標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)(xi)日(ri)臻完善，項目(mu)開展有(you)據可依。目(mu)前(qian)，國(guo)(guo)內與(yu)BIPV相關的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主(zhu)(zhu)要包括國(guo)(guo)家、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)地(di)方(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。根據標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)范圍不同(tong)，主(zhu)(zhu)要分為(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)產品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)兩(liang)類。從(cong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)發布(bu)進程(cheng)(cheng)來看(kan)，2018年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)只有(you)部分地(di)區有(you)地(di)方(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)可以(yi)(yi)參考，近兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與(yu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸豐(feng)富，體系(xi)(xi)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸完善；從(cong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)類型來看(kan)，現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家/行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)側重于(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)伏(fu)組件/光(guang)伏(fu)發電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)等(deng)產品(pin)(pin)，關于(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計的(de)(de)(de)相關標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)較(jiao)少；從(cong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)內容來看(kan)，光(guang)電建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中電氣(qi)、結構(gou)、保(bao)溫等(deng)內容已有(you)覆蓋，但缺少防火(huo)等(deng)安全性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)與(yu)測試(shi)方(fang)法(fa)。2020年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)，中國(guo)(guo)光(guang)伏(fu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化技術委員會(hui)BIPV標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)(gong)作組正式(shi)成立，加快(kuai)了(le)針對BIPV的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)建設，已有(you)《民用(yong)(yong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)伏(fu)架空隔熱屋(wu)頂應(ying)用(yong)(yong)技術規(gui)(gui)范》和(he)《金屬屋(wu)面光(guang)伏(fu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一體（BIPV）產品(pin)(pin)抗風揭試(shi)驗方(fang)法(fa)》兩(liang)部新(xin)規(gui)(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)起草被提(ti)上(shang)日(ri)程(cheng)(cheng)。未來將逐(zhu)(zhu)步形成以(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，其他行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)地(di)方(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相配合的(de)(de)(de)體系(xi)(xi)，為(wei)BIPV的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計保(bao)駕(jia)護航。進一步完善公(gong)司在綠色(se)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu) 方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)布(bu)局。上(shang)海太陽能(neng)發電建材

基于(yu)弱光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)、色(se)彩多樣(yang)性(xing)、透光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)及(ji)整體經濟性(xing)，薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)更適用(yong)于(yu) BIPV 市場：透光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)高。晶硅(gui)電(dian)池(chi)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)較低(di)，改善組(zu)(zu)件(jian)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通過降低(di)電(dian)池(chi)片排布密(mi)度，但需(xu)(xu)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)功率(lv)；薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)更好，可根(gen)據建(jian)(jian)筑采光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)需(xu)(xu)求制(zhi)作出不同透光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)的(de)BIPV組(zu)(zu)件(jian)。（5）建(jian)(jian)筑施工難(nan)度與(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低(di)：屋頂(ding)(ding)自重越(yue)大，屋頂(ding)(ding)支(zhi)撐(cheng)結(jie)構要求越(yue)高，則建(jian)(jian)筑支(zhi)撐(cheng)結(jie)構的(de)建(jian)(jian)造難(nan)度與(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)也越(yue)高。薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)自身工藝原因(yin)重量(liang)輕于(yu)晶硅(gui)電(dian)池(chi)，使用(yong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)BIPV組(zu)(zu)件(jian)建(jian)(jian)造屋頂(ding)(ding)時施工難(nan)度和成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)都會下降。此外(wai)，在建(jian)(jian)筑幕墻(qiang)領(ling)域，薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)BIPV組(zu)(zu)件(jian)對鋼支(zhi)撐(cheng)結(jie)構的(de)要求和成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)明(ming)顯低(di)于(yu)晶硅(gui)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)。建(jian)(jian)筑節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)出臺(tai)，有望(wang)帶(dai)動(dong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)池(chi)放量(liang)。2021年3月1日，住建(jian)(jian)部(bu)印發(fa)《“十四五(wu)”建(jian)(jian)筑節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑發(fa)展規(gui)劃的(de)通知》，要求到2025年，全國新(xin)(xin)增建(jian)(jian)筑太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)裝機容(rong)量(liang)50GW以(yi)上，地熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)筑應用(yong)面積1億平方(fang)米以(yi)上，城鎮建(jian)(jian)筑可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源替代率(lv)達到8%，建(jian)(jian)筑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗中(zhong)電(dian)力(li)消費比例超過55%。建(jian)(jian)筑光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)發(fa)展趨勢是由地面到屋頂(ding)(ding)，到墻(qiang)面，未來隨著新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)筑屋頂(ding)(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)面積逐漸飽(bao)和，可安裝光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑面積趨于(yu)緊缺，立面BIPV應用(yong)有望(wang)快(kuai)速發(fa)展，帶(dai)動(dong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)需(xu)(xu)求放量(liang)。太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)材(cai)批發(fa)固定支(zhi)架憑借出色(se)的(de)穩定性(xing)以(yi)及(ji)較低(di)的(de)前期投資成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)支(zhi)架市場占據較大份額，是目前主流類型。

光伏建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業實(shi)(shi)現“雙(shuang)碳”目標的重要(yao)路(lu)徑(jing)。2018 年我國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)(quan)過程能(neng)耗(hao)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為 21.47 億 tce，占全(quan)(quan)國能(neng)量(liang)(liang)總(zong)耗(hao)的 46.5%， 建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)(quan)過程碳排(pai)放總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為 49.3 億噸，占全(quan)(quan)國碳排(pai)放總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的 51.3%。基(ji)準(zhun)情景 下(xia)預計建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)部(bu)門碳達峰(feng)時間為 2040 年，落后于(yu)目標 10 年，到 2060 年仍將產(chan)(chan)生 15 億噸 碳排(pai)放量(liang)(liang)，難以實(shi)(shi)現中和目標，因(yin)此節能(neng)減排(pai)刻不容緩。從情景分析結果來(lai)看，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)自(zi)產(chan)(chan) 能(neng)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)現建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)部(bu)門碳排(pai)放和能(neng)耗(hao) 2030 年達峰(feng)目標的必要(yao)條(tiao)件，提高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)自(zi)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)規(gui)模是(shi)必 然趨勢，這(zhe)就需要(yao)增加可再生能(neng)源的利用(yong)。光伏產(chan)(chan)業近十年來(lai)技術不斷進(jin)步，成本持續(xu)下(xia) 降，為光電建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)應用(yong)打(da)下(xia)基(ji)礎。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)光伏一(yi)體化提供(gong)了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)的比較(jiao)好路(lu)線，成為建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)(shi) 現碳達峰(feng)、碳中和的重要(yao)途徑(jing)。

行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)合難(nan)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)互相割裂。當前(qian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)大(da)多是(shi)(shi)針對地面(mian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電站的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)而(er)(er) 設(she)計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)進(jin)行(xing) BIPV 產(chan)(chan)品(pin)研發制造時(shi)，往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)*對常規光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進(jin)行(xing)建(jian)(jian)材 化、構件化的(de)(de)(de)改造，并未真正以(yi)(yi)一(yi)體化理念正向(xiang)設(she)計；而(er)(er)且，由于其在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)材性(xing)能方面(mian) 缺(que)(que)乏經驗，考慮不足(zu)(zu)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)材層面(mian)質量不過關，難(nan)以(yi)(yi)滿足(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)火、防(fang)水(shui)、耐(nai)候等(deng)要 求(qiu)。而(er)(er)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與大(da)多數外(wai)界人士一(yi)樣，對高速增長的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)缺(que)(que)乏深刻的(de)(de)(de)理解，并且受產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)背景差異的(de)(de)(de)影響，二者融(rong)(rong)合存在(zai)較大(da)挑戰。光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)支架是(shi)(shi)支撐光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)組件的(de)(de)(de)“骨骼”。

建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)光伏分(fen)(fen)為增量市(shi)場、存量市(shi)場，BAPV和(he)BIPV側重各不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)。BAPV主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)存量改(gai)造：1）容(rong)易審批，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改(gai)造需(xu)要(yao)經(jing)相(xiang)關部門批準，不(bu)(bu)改(gai)變(bian)原有(you)(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)可(ke)降低審批難度；2）性(xing)價比高，既(ji)有(you)(you)屋(wu)面(mian)保養良好(hao)的情況下(xia)，經(jing)過簡單(dan)處理即可(ke)加(jia)設(she)(she)光伏支(zhi)架(jia)；3）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)周期(qi)短，不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)拆除原有(you)(you)屋(wu)頂，減少施(shi)(shi)工時間；4）減少對原有(you)(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的破壞，重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)屋(wu)頂容(rong)易損(sun)壞部分(fen)(fen)老舊建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)，架(jia)設(she)(she)支(zhi)架(jia)可(ke)以(yi)降低結(jie)構(gou)變(bian)化(hua)程度。BIPV更(geng)適合新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)：1）便于(yu)驗(yan)收，新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)需(xu)滿(man)足(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)強制(zhi)標準，一(yi)體化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)便于(yu)驗(yan)收；2）投資較低，BIPV一(yi)次成(cheng)型，無需(xu)后(hou)期(qi)改(gai)造；3）施(shi)(shi)工精(jing)度高，新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)由設(she)(she)計院統(tong)一(yi)設(she)(she)計，對建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)要(yao)求明確，可(ke)降低后(hou)期(qi)事故隱患；4）增大(da)光伏裝機容(rong)量，屋(wu)頂、立(li)面(mian)均可(ke)設(she)(she)計采用(yong)BIPV，增加(jia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節能效果；5）設(she)(she)計一(yi)致性(xing)強，提升建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)美觀程度。跟蹤(zong)支(zhi)架(jia)在(zai)總系統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)中占比達到12.98%，占比次于(yu)組件(jian)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)安(an)費用(yong)。貴(gui)州光伏建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材廠(chang)家

采(cai)用跟蹤支架(jia)的(de)(de)電站需要(yao)增加一定(ding)的(de)(de)前期(qi)投資成本(ben)(ben)，并需要(yao)承(cheng)擔(dan)一定(ding)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置運(yun)行風險及后期(qi)維護成本(ben)(ben)。上(shang)海(hai)太陽能發電建材

BIPV 尚(shang)處于(yu)起(qi)步階(jie)段，中國為全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)主(zhu)要(yao)市(shi)(shi)場。由于(yu)商(shang)業(ye)模式、應(ying)用方式多元復(fu)雜， 尚(shang)未有**機(ji)(ji)構(gou)發布對(dui)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu) BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模的單(dan)獨統計數據。據 IEA-PVPS 估算，目前歐 洲 BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)量(liang)約(yue)為 200-300MW/年，全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu) BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)量(liang)約(yue)為 1GW/年。2020 年全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)光(guang)伏 新增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)量(liang)約(yue) 130GW，即 BIPV 在全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)光(guang)伏市(shi)(shi)場中所占(zhan)份額不足 1%。根據光(guang)電(dian)(dian)建筑專委 會對(dui)主(zhu)要(yao)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)建筑產品生產企業(ye)**的統計，2020年國內市(shi)(shi)場前六大企業(ye) BIPV 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji) 總量(liang)為 709MW，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu) BIPV 市(shi)(shi)場的 70%左右。金貝能(neng)源(yuan)上海太陽(yang)能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)建材

BIPV三大應用(yong)(yong)場景之一：戶用(yong)(yong)BIPV，浙江金貝能(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)有限公司獨有的(de)專(zhuan)屬主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)品，就是戶用(yong)(yong)建(jian)材型光伏(fu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)一體(ti)化發(fa)電系統，它采用(yong)(yong)了構件疊(die)瓦式的(de)屋面(mian)發(fa)電系統技(ji)術，打造出(chu)一種獨特的(de)戶用(yong)(yong)光伏(fu)屋頂。這(zhe)樣的(de)產(chan)品具有A級防(fang)火、色彩與建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)高度適(shi)配、優異防(fang)水性能(neng)、高效發(fa)電能(neng)力、經濟(ji)實惠的(de)系統造價(jia)、易于安裝維(wei)護等特點。這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)品的(de)應用(yong)(yong)領域非常之寬(kuan)泛，包括：新(xin)房建(jian)設、舊房改造、示(shi)范工程，并(bing)且(qie)也適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于別墅(shu)、公共(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、新(xin)農村建(jian)設等。

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